Chronic TBI
Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists?
Moon K, Theodore N, Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists?, World Neurosurgery (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.073.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy — confusion and controversies
Douglas H. Smith, Victoria E. Johnson, John Q. Trojanowski and William Stewart
The term chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has recently entered public consciousness via media reports and even a Hollywood movie. However, in contrast to general impressions, the incidence of CTE is unknown, the clinical diagnostic criteria have not been agreed upon and the current neuropathological characterization of CTE is acknowledged as preliminary. Additionally , few studies have compared the pathologies of CTE with those of other neurodegenerative disorders or of age- matched controls. Consequently , disagreement continues about the neuropathological aspects that make CTE unique. Furthermore, CTE is widely considered to be a consequence of exposure to repeated head blows, but evidence suggests that a single moderate or severe traumatic brain injury can also induce progressive neuropathological changes. These unresolved aspects of CTE underlie disparate claims about its clinical and pathological features, leading to confusion among the public and health- care professionals alike.
ANSWERING QUESTIONS ABOUT Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
This handout provides a snapshot of what researchers currently know about chronic traumatic encephalopathy or CTE. Research on CTE is growing. More studies can help answer many questions about this disease.
Estimated Age of First Exposure to American Football and Neurocognitive Performance Amongst NCAA Malev Student‑Athletes: A Cohort Study
Jaclyn B. Caccese1 · Ryan M. DeWolf2 · Thomas W. Kaminski1,3 · Steven P. Broglio4 · Thomas W. McAllister5 ·Michael McCrea6 · Thomas A. Buckley1,3 · CARE Consortium Investigators
Background Repetitive head impacts in young athletes are potentially detrimental to later life (e.g., age 50 + years) neurological function; however, it is unknown what the short-term effects (e.g., age 20 years) are in collegiate student-athletes.
The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Ann C. McKee,1,2,3,4,5 Thor D. Stein,1,5 Christopher J. Nowinski,2,4,6 Robert A. Stern,2,3,4,7 5 Daniel H. Daneshvar,2,4 Victor E. Alvarez,2,4 Hyo-Soon Lee,3,4 Garth Hall,8 Sydney M. Wojtowicz,1,2 Christine M. Baugh,2,4 David O. Riley,2,4 Caroline A. Kubilus,3,4 Kerry A. Cormier,1 Matthew A. Jacobs,2,4 Brett R. Martin,9 Carmela R. Abraham,3,10 Tsuneya Ikezu,3,4,11 Robert Ross Reichard,12 Benjamin L. Wolozin,3,4,11 Andrew E. Budson,1,3,4 Lee E. Goldstein,3,4,12,13,14,15 Neil W. Kowall1,3,4,5,* and Robert C. Cantu2,6,7,16,*
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive tauopathy that occurs as a consequence of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. We analysed post-mortem brains obtained from a cohort of 85 subjects with histories of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in 68 subjects: all males, ranging in age from 17 to 98 years (mean 59.5 years), including 64 athletes, 21 military veterans (86% of whom were also athletes) and one individual who engaged in self-injurious head banging behaviour. Eighteen age- and gender-matched individuals without a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury served as control subjects. In chronic traumatic encephalopathy, the spectrum of hyperphosphory- lated tau pathology ranged in severity from focal perivascular epicentres of neurofibrillary tangles in the frontal neocortex to severe tauopathy affecting widespread brain regions, including the medial temporal lobe, thereby allowing a progressive staging of pathology from stages I–IV.
Association of Football Subconcussive Head Impacts With Ocular Near Point of Convergence
Keisuke Kawata, MS; Leah H. Rubin, PhD, MPH; Jong Hyun Lee; Thomas Sim; Masahiro Takahagi, MEd; Victor Szwanki, MS; Al Bellamy, MS; Kurosh Darvish, PhD; Soroush Assari, BS, MS; Jeffrey D. Henderer, MD; Ryan Tierney, PhD; Dianne Langford, PhD
An increased understanding of the relationship between subconcussive head impacts and near point of convergence (NPC) ocular-motor function may be useful in delineating traumatic brain injury.
Estimated Age of First Exposure to American Football and Neurocognitive Performance Amongst NCAA Male Student‑Athletes: A Cohort Study
Jaclyn B. Caccese1, Ryan M. DeWolf2, Thomas W. Kaminski1,3, Steven P. Broglio4, Thomas W. McAllister5, Michael McCrea6, Thomas A. Buckley1,3, CARE Consortium Investigators
Repetitive head impacts in young athletes are potentially detrimental to later life (e.g., age 50 + years) neurological function; however, it is unknown what the short-term effects (e.g., age 20 years) are in collegiate student-athletes.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the estimated age of first exposure to American tackle football participation on neurocognitive performance and symptom severity scores in collegiate student-athletes.
Does a Unique Neuropsychiatric Profile Currently Exist for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy?
Faith M. Hanlon, PhD1; Christopher A. McGrew, MD, FACSM2,3; and Andrew R. Mayer, PhD1,4,5
There is evidence that repetitive mild traumatic brain injury leads to specific patterns of neuropathological findings, labeled chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, questions remain about whether these neuropathological changes produce changes in behavior, cognition, and emotional status that are associated with a unique neuropsychiatric profile that can be assessed using currently available clinical tools.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Potential Late Effect of Sport-Related Concussive and Subconcussive Head Trauma
Authors: Brandon E. Gavett, PhDa,b, Robert A. Stern, PhDa,b, Ann C. McKee, MDa,b,c,d,
Source: Clin Sports Med 30 (2011) 179–188
It has been understood for decades that certain sporting activities may increase an athlete’s risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease later in life.
Long-term Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Sports: What Is the Evidence?
Authors: Gary S. Solomon, PhDa,*, Summer D. Ott, PsyDb, Mark R. Lovell, PhDc
Source: Clin Sports Med 30 (2011) 165–177
Perhaps no issue in sports medicine has attracted so much attention in the media and popular press as the issue of potential long-term consequences of sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI or concussion). This issue resulted in several congressional hearings in 2009 and 2010 and has led to changes in management policies at the professional, collegiate, and high-school sports levels.
