Assessment
Reliability and Validity of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3 (SCAT3) in High School and Collegiate Athletes
Esther Y. Chin, Lindsay D. Nelson, William B. Barr, Paul McCrory and Michael A. McCrea
The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–3 (SCAT3) facilitates sideline clinical assessments of concussed athletes. Yet, there is little published research on clinically relevant metrics for the SCAT3 as a whole.
The Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth edition (Child SCAT5).
Gavin A Davis,1,2 Laura Purcell,3 Kathryn J Schneider,4,5,6 Keith Yeates,7 Gerry Gioia,8,9 Vicki Anderson,1 Richard G Ellenbogen,10 Ruben J Echemendia,11 Michael Makdissi,2,12 Allen Sills,13 Grant L Iverson,14 Jiri Dvorak,15 Paul McCrory,2 Willem Meeuwisse,16, Jon Patricios17,18
This article presents the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth edition (Child SCAT5). The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool was introduced in 2004, following the Second International Conference on Concussion in Sport in Prague, Czech Republic.
Identifying concussion: when guidelines collide with real-world implementation—is a formal medical diagnosis necessary in every case once a proper protocol is implemented?
Pierre Frémont
Several countries, such as Canada, are in the process of defining strategies to address the public health problem of sport-related concussions. One of the challenges is to develop strategies that can apply at the earlier levels where the timely availability of qualified healthcare resources is limited.
Post-exertion neurocognitive test failure among student-athletes following concussion
Authors: NEAL MCGRATH1, WAYNE M. DINN1,2, MICHAEL W. COLLINS3, MARK R. LOVELL3, R. J. ELBIN3, & ANTHONY P. KONTOS3
The purpose of the present study was to examine post-exertion (PE) neurocognitive performance among student athletes following concussion who were asymptomatic and returned to baseline normal neurocognitive test levels at rest. This study examined the neurocognitive performance of a sub-set of student-athletes who ‘failed’ to perform at baseline levels of neurocognitive function, i.e. exhibited downward reliable change index (RCI) alterations following a moderate exertional protocol during recovery from concussion.
Concussion in Rugby: Insights, Incidence and Intervention
Authors: Dr Jon Patricios
Concussion is a traumatic brain injury resulting from a direct or indirect blow to the head causing alterations in brain function. It is a complex pathophysiological process that may manifest in a number of ways reflecting physical, emotional, cognitive and sleep disturbances. Rugby Union is a collision sport with numerous phases of contact on the field resulting in the potential for collisions involving the head. The main area of play causing concussions is the tackle. Distinguishing features of rugby that impact on injury management are that it is a continuous, multiple-sprint, un-helmeted collision sport in which players are only allowed to wear limited, padded protective gear.
Vestibular and balance issues following sportrelated concussion
Authors: Tamara C. Valovich McLeod & Troy D. Hale
To review relevant literature regarding the effect of concussion on vestibular function, impairments, assessments and management strategies. Dizziness and balance impairments are common following sport-related concussion. Recommendations regarding the management of sport-related concussion suggest including tests of balance within the multifactorial assessment paradigm for concussive injuries.
Exercise Prescription Patterns in Patients Treated with Vestibular Rehabilitation After Concussion
Authors: Bara A. Alsalaheen1, Susan L. Whitney1,2,3, Anne Mucha2, Laura O. Morris2, Joseph M. Furman3 & Patrick J. Sparto1,2,3*
Individuals with concussion often complain of persistent dizziness and imbalance, and these problems have been treated with vestibular rehabilitation exercises. The purpose of this study is to describe the vestibular rehabilitation exercise prescriptions provided to individuals after concussion.
Comparison and utility of King-Devick and ImPACT® composite scores in adolescent concussion patients
Authors: B. Joel Tjarks a,⁎, Jason C. Dorman b, Verle D. Valentine c, Thayne A.Munce b,d, Paul A. Thompsone, Shanna L. Kindt c, Michael F. Bergeronb,d,f a Sanford
To examine the diagnostic value of KD, by comparing KD with post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS) and ImPACT® composite scores.We hypothesized that KD would be correlated with visual motor speed/memory (VMS, VIS) and reaction time (RT), because all require cognitive visual processing. We also expected parallel changes in KD and PCSS across recovery.
A review of modifying factors affecting usage of diagnostic rating scales in concussion management
Authors: Alexa Dessya,∗, JonathanRasoulia, AlexGometzb, TanvirChoudhria
Sport-related concussion has gained increasing recognition as a result of recent legislation, public health initiatives and media coverage. Moreover,there have been substantial paradigm shifts in the management of concussion. This article will discuss the variables that affect the use of diagnostic rating scales such as ImPACT and SCAT in the current management of concussed individuals.
Fifty shades of grey: concussion complexities and constructive conclusions
Authors: Jonathan Patricios,1,2,3 Michael Makdissi4,5
Concussion remains prominent in the medical and scientific literature but its assessment and management remain somewhat ‘grey’ and ill defined. The key issues related to concussion are widely discussed in the public arena. While these discussions should contribute to an improved understanding of concussion in the broader community, confusing messages are being driven by different agendas.
