Retha
Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists?
Moon K, Theodore N, Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists?, World Neurosurgery (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.073.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy — confusion and controversies
Douglas H. Smith, Victoria E. Johnson, John Q. Trojanowski and William Stewart
The term chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has recently entered public consciousness via media reports and even a Hollywood movie. However, in contrast to general impressions, the incidence of CTE is unknown, the clinical diagnostic criteria have not been agreed upon and the current neuropathological characterization of CTE is acknowledged as preliminary. Additionally , few studies have compared the pathologies of CTE with those of other neurodegenerative disorders or of age- matched controls. Consequently , disagreement continues about the neuropathological aspects that make CTE unique. Furthermore, CTE is widely considered to be a consequence of exposure to repeated head blows, but evidence suggests that a single moderate or severe traumatic brain injury can also induce progressive neuropathological changes. These unresolved aspects of CTE underlie disparate claims about its clinical and pathological features, leading to confusion among the public and health- care professionals alike.
ANSWERING QUESTIONS ABOUT Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
This handout provides a snapshot of what researchers currently know about chronic traumatic encephalopathy or CTE. Research on CTE is growing. More studies can help answer many questions about this disease.
Estimated Age of First Exposure to American Football and Neurocognitive Performance Amongst NCAA Malev Student‑Athletes: A Cohort Study
Jaclyn B. Caccese1 · Ryan M. DeWolf2 · Thomas W. Kaminski1,3 · Steven P. Broglio4 · Thomas W. McAllister5 ·Michael McCrea6 · Thomas A. Buckley1,3 · CARE Consortium Investigators
Background Repetitive head impacts in young athletes are potentially detrimental to later life (e.g., age 50 + years) neurological function; however, it is unknown what the short-term effects (e.g., age 20 years) are in collegiate student-athletes.
The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Ann C. McKee,1,2,3,4,5 Thor D. Stein,1,5 Christopher J. Nowinski,2,4,6 Robert A. Stern,2,3,4,7 5 Daniel H. Daneshvar,2,4 Victor E. Alvarez,2,4 Hyo-Soon Lee,3,4 Garth Hall,8 Sydney M. Wojtowicz,1,2 Christine M. Baugh,2,4 David O. Riley,2,4 Caroline A. Kubilus,3,4 Kerry A. Cormier,1 Matthew A. Jacobs,2,4 Brett R. Martin,9 Carmela R. Abraham,3,10 Tsuneya Ikezu,3,4,11 Robert Ross Reichard,12 Benjamin L. Wolozin,3,4,11 Andrew E. Budson,1,3,4 Lee E. Goldstein,3,4,12,13,14,15 Neil W. Kowall1,3,4,5,* and Robert C. Cantu2,6,7,16,*
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive tauopathy that occurs as a consequence of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. We analysed post-mortem brains obtained from a cohort of 85 subjects with histories of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in 68 subjects: all males, ranging in age from 17 to 98 years (mean 59.5 years), including 64 athletes, 21 military veterans (86% of whom were also athletes) and one individual who engaged in self-injurious head banging behaviour. Eighteen age- and gender-matched individuals without a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury served as control subjects. In chronic traumatic encephalopathy, the spectrum of hyperphosphory- lated tau pathology ranged in severity from focal perivascular epicentres of neurofibrillary tangles in the frontal neocortex to severe tauopathy affecting widespread brain regions, including the medial temporal lobe, thereby allowing a progressive staging of pathology from stages I–IV.
Association of Football Subconcussive Head Impacts With Ocular Near Point of Convergence
Keisuke Kawata, MS; Leah H. Rubin, PhD, MPH; Jong Hyun Lee; Thomas Sim; Masahiro Takahagi, MEd; Victor Szwanki, MS; Al Bellamy, MS; Kurosh Darvish, PhD; Soroush Assari, BS, MS; Jeffrey D. Henderer, MD; Ryan Tierney, PhD; Dianne Langford, PhD
An increased understanding of the relationship between subconcussive head impacts and near point of convergence (NPC) ocular-motor function may be useful in delineating traumatic brain injury.
Football injuries during the 2014 FIFA World Cup
Astrid Junge,1,2,3 Jiri Dvořák1,2,4
FIFA has surveyed match injuries in its tournaments since 1998.
Risk management: FIFA’s approach for protecting the health of football players
Colin W Fuller, Astrid Junge, Jiri Dvorak
Sport and exercise have long-term health benefi ts, but there is also a risk that participants will sustain injuries and/or ill health from these activities. For this reason, international sports governing bodies have a responsibility to identify the risks that exist within their sport and to provide guidance to participants and other stakeholders on how these risks can be controlled within acceptable levels.
A six year prospective study of the incidence and causes of head and neck injuries in international football
C W Fuller, A Junge, J Dvorak
To identify those risk factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of head and neck injuries in international football.
Medical report from the 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany
Jiri Dvorak, Astrid Junge, Katharina Grimm, Donald Kirkendall
To continue the injury surveillance of FIFA-sponsored football tournaments and report on other medical aspects of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
